比如在安装NVIDIA驱动或者cuda的时候出现以下错误：
DSOE1024@DSOE1024-pc:~$ sudo apt install -f
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
正在修复依赖关系... 完成
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
icu-devtools libcjson-dev libcups2-dev libcupsimage2-dev
libcurl4-openssl-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev-bin
libddcutil-dev libicu-dev libjbig-dev libjpeg-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev
libjpeg8-dev libjson-c-dev libkysdk-accounts-dev libkysdk-applicationsec-dev
libkysdk-base libkysdk-base-dev libkysdk-battery-dev libkysdk-config-dev
libkysdk-datasec-dev libkysdk-desktop-dev libkysdk-desktop-doc
libkysdk-desktopctrl-dev libkysdk-devicesec-dev libkysdk-diagnostics-dev
libkysdk-disk-dev libkysdk-filesec-dev libkysdk-filesystem-dev
libkysdk-gsetting-dev libkysdk-hardware-dev libkysdk-imageproc-dev
libkysdk-location-dev libkysdk-log-dev libkysdk-logsec-dev libkysdk-net-dev
libkysdk-networksec-dev libkysdk-notification-dev libkysdk-package-dev
libkysdk-powermanagement-dev libkysdk-proc-dev libkysdk-processsec-dev
libkysdk-realtime-dev libkysdk-security-dev libkysdk-soundeffects-dev
libkysdk-storage-dev libkysdk-sysinfo-dev libkysdk-system-dev
libkysdk-system-javascript-http libkysdk-systime-dev libkysdk-timer-dev
libkysdk-utils-dev liblzma-dev libpng-dev libssl-dev libsystemd-dev
libtiff-dev libxml2-dev libxnvctrl0 python3-xkit screen-resolution-extra
使用'sudo apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。
将会同时安装下列软件：
libnvidia-compute-470
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
libnvidia-compute-470
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 1 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 5 个软件包未被升级。
有 3 个软件包没有被完全安装或卸载。
需要下载 0 B/31.5 MB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 136 MB 的额外空间。
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(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 263370 个文件和目录。)
准备解压 .../libnvidia-compute-470_470.256.02-0kylin0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
正在解压 libnvidia-compute-470:amd64 (470.256.02-0kylin0.20.04.1) ...
dpkg: 处理归档 /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-compute-470_470.256.02-0kylin0.
20.04.1_amd64.deb (--unpack)时出错：
正试图覆盖 /etc/OpenCL/vendors/nvidia.icd，它同时被包含于软件包 nvidia-graphics
-driver 470.256.02-0kylin1
dpkg-deb (子进程)：解压缩归档成员：lzma 写入错误: 断开的管道
dpkg-deb: 错误: <解压缩> 子进程返回错误状态 2
dpkg-deb (子进程)：无法从 /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-compute-470_470.256.
02-0kylin0.20.04.1_amd64.deb 中拷贝归档成员到解码管道中：写入失败 (断开的管道)
在处理时有错误发生：
/var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-compute-470_470.256.02-0kylin0.20.04.1_amd64.
deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
可以用以下命令强制覆盖安装：
sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-compute-470_470.256.02-0kylin0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
完成配置：
sudo dpkg --configure -a
DSOE1024@DSOE1024-pc:~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
正在设置 libcuinj64-10.1:amd64 (10.1.243-3) ...
正在设置 libnvidia-ml-dev (10.1.243-3) ...
正在设置 nvidia-cuda-dev (10.1.243-3) ...
正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.31-0kylin9.2k0.3) 的触发器 ...